Genomics vs. Genetics

While genomics and genetics may sound similar and are related, each focuses on different information.

Broadly speaking, genetics is the study of how inherited traits are passed from one generation to the next through the genes, and how new traits appear by way of genetic mutations or changes. These traits may be characteristics like eye or hair color.

A predisposition to certain types of diseases can also be passed through the genes, such as the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes which normally help control cell growth. A person who inherits an altered version of the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 gene(s) has a higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. There are genetic tests for BRCA1 and BRCA2, but these are different from the Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Assay, which is a genomic test.

A genomic test, such as Oncotype DX, looks at groups of genes and how active they are. This activity can influence how a cancer is likely to grow and respond to treatment. Unlike a genetic test, the Oncotype DX assay does not provide information about a person’s inherited genetic make-up. Instead, the Oncotype DX assay looks at 21 genes in a patient’s breast tumor to understand how these genes interact and influence the tumor’s behavior.